Patent Leather
Patent leather is leather that has been given a high gloss finish. Patent leather refers to leather with a glossy surface. Patent leather is leather that has been treated with lacquer to give it a hard, glossy surface. Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides, pelts and skins of animals, primarily cows. Leather was a very important clothing material, and its other uses were legion. Together with wood, leather formed the basis of much ancient technology. Leather with the fur still attached is simply called fur.
The name Patent leather is derived from the idea of protection. The original process on making patent leather was developed by Newark, New Jersey based inventor Seth Boyden in 1818. Patent leather was manufactured commercially at the beginning September 20, 1819. Boyden's process used a linseed oil based lacquer coating. Modern patent leather usually has a plastic coating.
Patent leather is sometimes confused with poromeric imitation leathers such as DuPont's Corfam and Kuraray Co.'s Clarino which are manmade materials with a similar glossy appearance. Patent leather and poromerics are cleaned in a similar way. Dirt adhering to the coating can be removed with a damp cloth, using a mild soap if needed. Minor scratches and scuff marks in the coating itself can be removed using one of several special purpose patent leather and poromeric cleaners on the market.
Patent leather and poromerics are used in applications where an eye-catching glossy appearance is the main consideration. Examples include fashion items such as wallets and handbags, dance and uniform shoes, professional wrestling boots and fetish clothing.
Patent leather is sold in a variety of thicknesses. Top-grain thicknesses, called weights, are categorized by ounce ranges, as in "7–8 oz" or "3–4 oz". Derived from the weight per square foot, these measures actually refer to the thickness of the piece of leather; each "oz" is approximately 1/64th of an inch of thickness. Hence, 7–8 oz leather is roughly 8/64ths or 1/8th of an inch thick. The weight is usually given as a range, as above, because the inherent variability of the material makes ensuring a precise thickness very difficult. Some leather manufacturers report leather thickness in millimeters; 3–4 oz leather is roughly equivalent to 1.3mm leather.
Patent leather, due to its excellent abrasion and wind resistance, found a use in rugged occupations. The enduring image of a cowboy in leather chaps gave way to the leather-jacketed and leather-helmeted aviator. When motorcycles were invented, some riders took to wearing heavy leather jackets to protect from road rash and wind blast; some also wear chaps or full leather pants to protect the lower body.
Patents
Patents
... sale in the U.S. Also idea patent on inventions must also be considered useful. This means that it must perform a function and do what it is intended to do. Furthermore, idea patent on invention must give new and non-obvious results compared to known approaches. For example, substituting one material ...
... journals and other publications to be sure that someone else has not already invented their idea. They may hire someone to do it for them or may do this themselves at the Public Search Room of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in Arlington, Virginia, on the PTO web page on the Internet, or at one of ...
... idea. If during these specified period if someone else tries to use the technique for their own benefit then it is illegal and the patentee can take legal action against the offender. To patent a product one has to submit an application in the patent office; upon verification the application is either ...
... application. There is a patent law with regards to patent infringement. Patent infringement cases arise under Federal patent law over which the Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. The Federal agency charged with administering patent laws is the Patent and Trademark Office. Each patent application ...
... is particularly important that a manual search through the classes and sub-classes is conducted on the U.S. patent database. Moreover, public disclosure or public use of the invention, even without patenting, renders it unpatentable. Accordingly, a search of public patent databases including publications ...