Epilepsy In Dogs And Cats

Epilepsy in dogs and cats is similar to that in humans. The main symptom is a type of seizure. Seizures can

come in many forms and several of these are listed below:



Generalized Seizures



Generalized seizures are the most common type of seizures in dogs and cats. There are several variations

of these seizures:



1. Absence seizures (petit mal): sudden brief loss of consciousness, rare in animals

2. Myoclonic seizures: muscle jerk of one or more muscles

3. Clonic seizures: rhythmic muscle contractions

4. Tonic seizures: increase in muscle tone in all skeletal muscles

5. Tonic Clonic seizures (grand mal): the most common form of seizure in pets



Tonic Clonic Seizures



Tonic Clonic (grand mal) seizures account for 60% of seizures in cats and 80% of seizures in dogs. They

are usually accompanied by a loss of consciousness, and consist of a tonic phase, where the increased

muscle tone causes the animal to fall on its side with its limbs extended, and a clonic phase, consisting of

intense muscle jerking or paddling movements.



In order to diagnose true epilepsy, other causes of seizures must be first ruled out. Once a tentative

diagnosis of epilepsy has been made (by excluding all the other known causes of seizures), the animal can

be prescribed anticonvulsant drugs. These drugs are not appropriate for animals with seizures caused by a

problem outside the brain. The overall goal of anticonvulsant therapy is to eradicate all seizure activity, but

this is rarely achieved. A more realistic goal is to reduce the frequency of the seizures to a level that is

acceptable for the owner, without having negative side effects for the animal.

Since epilepsy is not curable, the owner must be prepared to give the medication for the rest of the animals

life.