Stress Management Models
Stress is an inescapable fact of life. We become stressed due to a lot of things.
Some factors that can cause stress can be simple, such as pain or bright lights. Stress might occur because there is too much responsibility at work and at school. Some people are also stressed because of something negative and traumatic happened in their life. For others, their excessive or unhealthy lifestyle can cause stress.
While many people can cope up with slight to moderate amount of stress, there are people whose situations expose to a heavy amount of stress. Extreme stress can be debilitating, causing anxiety, mood swings, irrational thinking, exhaustion and even disease. If people suspect that they are heavily stressed, they should engage stress management activities.
Stress management includes all techniques and activities to assist a person in coping psychological stress. There are two models in which stress management is based on.
The first is the transactional model. This model, conceptualized by Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman, suggests that stress is a response to a person’s resources and capability to cope up with a stress stimulus, rather than the stimulus itself. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that are essential to a person’s control over the stimulus and the methods which are efficient in dealing with these factors.
The transactional model theorizes that if the person appraises or perceives the stress stimulus as a challenge or a positive thing rather than a threat due to his confidence or ability, then stress may not occur even at the presence of the stimuli. Thus, stressed individuals can be coaxed to change their perception on certain stress stimuli and teaching them ways to cope up with it.
The second model in which stress management is based on is the innate health model. Like the transactional model, the innate health model insists that stress is not produced with the presence of a stress stimulus itself. However, this second model gives emphasis on the person’s thought process, rather than the person’s assessment and perception of the stimulus in relation to his coping skills.
This model states that it is a person’s thought process that lets him decide whether a stimulus is stressful or not and how he will respond to it. This model suggests that by letting a person understand the nature of his thoughts towards a potential stress stimulus, stress can be reduced significantly.
These two models are the basis of the different techniques of stress management such as autogenic training and cognitive therapy.
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